Which of the following would be considered an external factor in the Neuman Systems Model?

In the context of the Neuman Systems Model, which emphasizes the importance of both internal and external factors affecting patient health and wellness, societal influences are classified as external factors. The model considers external factors as elements that originate from outside the individual, which can impact their health directly or indirectly.

Societal influences encompass a range of factors, including cultural norms, community resources, economic conditions, and social policies that can affect health outcomes. These external elements can shape behavior, access to healthcare, and overall well-being, highlighting their significance in understanding health from a holistic perspective.

Other options touch upon internal factors or personal attributes. Personal beliefs relate to an individual's internal understanding and cultural perspectives about health. Genetic predispositions refer to inherited traits that are intrinsic to the individual, thus falling under internal factors. Nutrition and exercise habits are behaviors that stem from individual choices and lifestyle, which are also primarily internal facets of a person's health. Hence, focusing on societal influences as an external factor aligns with the holistic approach of understanding health and wellness in the Neuman Systems Model.