How does Pender define the concept of environment?

Pender’s definition of the concept of environment encompasses a broad range of factors that influence individual health and well-being. By identifying the environment as the physical, interpersonal, and economic circumstances in which people live, she emphasizes that health is not merely a result of biological factors or personal choices but is deeply intertwined with the context in which individuals find themselves.

This comprehensive understanding includes not just physical elements, such as living conditions or access to healthcare, but also interpersonal relationships, social networks, and economic status, all of which play a crucial role in shaping health behaviors and outcomes. Pender’s view aligns with holistic health models that recognize the importance of multiple determinants of health rather than focusing on isolated aspects. This perspective is essential for developing effective health promotion strategies that address the various layers of influence on individuals' health behaviors and outcomes.